/* Research page - Notre Dame brand chrome (aligned with us_peh_website). */

.research-body {
  --nd-blue: #0c2340;
  --nd-gold: #c99700;
  --nd-gold-muted: #ae9142;
  --nd-bright-blue: #1c4f8f;
  --nd-sky: #edf2f9;
  --nd-warm-white: #f7f4ef;
  --nd-bright-gold: #d39f10;
  --nd-dark-gold: #8c7535;
  --font-serif: "EB Garamond", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --font-sans: "Source Sans 3", "DM Sans", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  --header-h: 7.25rem;
  --content-max: 52rem;
  --ease-out: cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  background: var(--nd-sky);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  overflow-anchor: none;
}

.research-skip {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0.75rem;
  top: -4rem;
  z-index: 1200;
  padding: 0.55rem 0.85rem;
  background: var(--nd-gold);
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: 0.25rem;
}

.research-skip:focus {
  top: 0.75rem;
}

.research-body .nrcd-main {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  max-width: none;
  overflow-anchor: none;
}

.research-body .nrcd-alert-container,
.research-body .flash-messages {
  max-width: var(--content-max);
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  padding-left: 1.5rem;
  padding-right: 1.5rem;
}

/* -- Sticky NRCD + ND research chrome (single stack, no full site navbar) -- */
.research-chrome {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 1100;
  overscroll-behavior: none;
  background: var(--nd-blue);
  box-shadow: 0 1px 0 color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 35%, transparent);
}

.research-top {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  padding: 0.55rem 1.1rem;
  min-height: 3.1rem;
  background: #eef2f6;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #d4dce6;
  transition: padding 0.2s var(--ease-out), min-height 0.2s var(--ease-out);
}

.research-top__home {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.55rem;
  min-width: 0;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #1a2332;
}

.research-top__home:hover .research-top__name {
  color: var(--nd-bright-blue);
}

.research-top__logo {
  width: 1.85rem;
  height: 1.85rem;
  border-radius: 0.3rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.research-top__name {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.15;
  color: #1a2332;
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  transition: color 0.15s var(--ease-out);
}

.research-top__name-short {
  display: none;
}

.research-top__end {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.research-top__nd {
  display: none;
  line-height: 0;
}

.research-top__nd-mark {
  height: 1.55rem;
  width: auto;
  max-width: 10rem;
}

.research-top__pages {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.28rem;
}

.research-top__page {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.07em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, #1a2332 72%, transparent);
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, #1a2332 16%, transparent);
  padding: 0.34rem 0.55rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  line-height: 1.2;
  transition: color 0.15s var(--ease-out), border-color 0.15s var(--ease-out), background 0.15s var(--ease-out);
}

.research-top__page:hover {
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 55%, transparent);
}

.research-top__page.is-active {
  background: var(--nd-blue);
  border-color: var(--nd-blue);
  color: #fff;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.research-top__page--ghost {
  border-color: transparent;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-dark-gold) 80%, #1a2332);
}

.research-top__page--ghost:hover {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 45%, transparent);
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 10%, transparent);
}

html:has(.research-body) {
  scroll-behavior: auto;
  scroll-padding-top: var(--research-chrome-h, 7.75rem);
}

/* -- ND header -- */
.nd-header {
  position: relative;
  top: auto;
  z-index: auto;
  background: var(--nd-blue);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.nd-header__meta-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  padding: 0.28rem 1.1rem 0.1rem;
  height: 1.4rem;
  box-sizing: content-box;
  transition: opacity 0.2s var(--ease-out);
  opacity: 1;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.nd-header__program {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 62%, transparent);
  white-space: nowrap;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.research-chrome.is-compact .nd-header__meta-row {
  opacity: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
}

@media (min-width: 720px) {
  .research-top__nd {
    display: block;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .research-top__name-full {
    display: none;
  }

  .research-top__name-short {
    display: inline;
  }

  .research-top__page--ghost {
    display: none;
  }
}

.nd-header__phases {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, #fff 12%, transparent);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #061525 55%, var(--nd-blue));
}

.nd-header__progress {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  top: 0;
  height: 2px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 8%, transparent);
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 1;
}

.nd-header__progress-bar {
  display: block;
  height: 100%;
  width: 0%;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--nd-gold), var(--nd-bright-gold));
  transform-origin: left center;
}

.nd-header__phases-track {
  display: flex;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 72rem;
  margin: 0 auto;
  overflow-x: auto;
  overflow-y: hidden;
  scrollbar-width: thin;
  scrollbar-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 55%, transparent) transparent;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  overscroll-behavior-x: contain;
  touch-action: pan-x;
}

.nd-header__phases-track::-webkit-scrollbar {
  height: 3px;
}

.nd-header__phases-track::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 55%, transparent);
  border-radius: 999px;
}

.nd-header__phase {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 72%, transparent);
  background: transparent;
  padding: 0.65rem 0.85rem 0.7rem;
  text-align: left;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-right: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, #fff 10%, transparent);
  transition: color 0.2s var(--ease-out), background 0.2s var(--ease-out);
}

.nd-header__phase:last-child {
  border-right: none;
}

.nd-header__phase::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0.85rem;
  right: 0.85rem;
  bottom: 0;
  height: 2px;
  background: transparent;
  transition: background 0.2s var(--ease-out);
}

.nd-header__phase:hover {
  color: #fff;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 5%, transparent);
}

.nd-header__phase:hover::after {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 55%, transparent);
}

.nd-header__phase.is-active {
  color: #fff;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 12%, transparent);
}

.nd-header__phase.is-active::after {
  background: var(--nd-gold);
}

.nd-header__phase-num {
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--nd-gold);
  flex-shrink: 0;
  line-height: 1;
}

.nd-header__phase-copy {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.08rem;
  min-width: 0;
}

.nd-header__phase-name {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(0.88rem, 1.1vw, 1.05rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.1;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.nd-header__phase-desc {
  display: none;
  font-size: 0.58rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  opacity: 0.68;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

/* Eleven phases: stretch + show sublabels only on wide screens. */
@media (min-width: 1280px) {
  .nd-header__phase {
    flex: 1 1 0;
    min-width: 0;
    gap: 0.55rem;
    padding: 0.72rem 0.7rem 0.78rem;
  }

  .nd-header__phase-desc {
    display: block;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .nd-header__phase {
    justify-content: center;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.12rem;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 0.55rem 0.65rem 0.65rem;
  }

  .nd-header__phase::after {
    left: 0.45rem;
    right: 0.45rem;
  }

  .nd-header__phase-name {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
  }
}

/* -- Page shell -- */
.research-page {
  min-height: calc(100vh - var(--header-h));
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse 80% 45% at 100% 0%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 12%, transparent), transparent 55%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, var(--nd-sky) 0%, var(--nd-warm-white) 55%, #fff 100%);
}

/* -- Hero (full-bleed ND navy) -- */
.research-hero {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse 70% 80% at 15% 20%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 18%, transparent), transparent 50%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse 50% 60% at 90% 80%, color-mix(in srgb, #1c4f8f 45%, transparent), transparent 55%),
    linear-gradient(165deg, #071525 0%, var(--nd-blue) 48%, #143865 100%);
  color: #fff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 40%, transparent);
}

.research-hero__glow {
  position: absolute;
  inset: auto -20% -40% 40%;
  height: 70%;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 22%, transparent), transparent 65%);
  pointer-events: none;
  animation: research-glow 10s var(--ease-out) infinite alternate;
}

.research-hero__lines {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  opacity: 0.16;
  background:
    repeating-linear-gradient(
      105deg,
      transparent 0,
      transparent 46px,
      color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 55%, transparent) 46px,
      color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 55%, transparent) 47px
    );
  mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, #000 20%, #000 80%, transparent);
}

.research-hero__inner {
  position: relative;
  max-width: var(--content-max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: clamp(2.75rem, 7vw, 4.5rem) 1.5rem clamp(2.5rem, 6vw, 3.75rem);
}

.research-hero__kicker {
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--nd-gold);
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.research-hero__brand {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 5.6vw, 3.6rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.08;
  margin: 0 0 0.85rem;
  color: #fff;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

.research-hero__title {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.4vw, 1.25rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.45;
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  max-width: 34rem;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 88%, transparent);
}

.research-hero__lead {
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  max-width: 36rem;
  margin: 0 0 1.65rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 78%, transparent);
}

.research-hero__lead a {
  color: var(--nd-gold);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 55%, transparent);
}

.research-hero__lead a:hover {
  color: var(--nd-bright-gold);
  border-bottom-color: var(--nd-bright-gold);
}

.research-hero__ctas {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.55rem;
}

.research-cta {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  text-decoration: none;
  padding: 0.7rem 1.05rem;
  transition: background 0.2s var(--ease-out), color 0.2s var(--ease-out), border-color 0.2s var(--ease-out), transform 0.2s var(--ease-out);
}

.research-cta--gold {
  background: var(--nd-gold);
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  border: 1px solid var(--nd-gold);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.research-cta--gold:hover {
  background: var(--nd-bright-gold);
  border-color: var(--nd-bright-gold);
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.research-cta--ghost {
  background: transparent;
  color: #fff;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, #fff 35%, transparent);
}

.research-cta--ghost:hover {
  border-color: var(--nd-gold);
  color: var(--nd-gold);
}

.research-cta--outline {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 70%, transparent);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.research-cta--outline:hover {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 18%, #fff);
  border-color: var(--nd-gold);
  color: var(--nd-blue);
}

/* Pull quote / key finding */
.research-pull {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-sky) 55%, #fff);
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 40%, transparent);
}

.research-pull__inner {
  max-width: var(--content-max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 1.5rem 1.5rem 1.65rem;
}

.research-pull__kicker {
  margin: 0 0 0.45rem;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--nd-dark-gold);
}

.research-pull__body {
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
  max-width: 42rem;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 2.4vw, 1.45rem);
  line-height: 1.35;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
}

.research-pull__body strong {
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.research-pull__link {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--nd-bright-blue);
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 55%, transparent);
}

.research-pull__link:hover {
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  border-bottom-color: var(--nd-gold);
}

/* Nationals / coaches poll photo (full-bleed under pull finding) */
.research-nationals {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  background: var(--nd-blue);
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 35%, transparent);
}

.research-nationals__media {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  min-height: clamp(14rem, 42vw, 28rem);
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 20%, transparent), var(--nd-blue)),
    radial-gradient(ellipse 70% 60% at 50% 40%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 18%, transparent), transparent 70%);
  overflow: hidden;
}

.research-nationals__media--empty {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  border-top: 1px dashed color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 40%, transparent);
  border-bottom: 1px dashed color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 40%, transparent);
}

.research-nationals__img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: clamp(14rem, 42vw, 28rem);
  object-fit: cover;
  /* Keep faces/top of the group; crop excess from the bottom on wide/tall crops. */
  object-position: center top;
}

.research-nationals__placeholder {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  max-width: 28rem;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 72%, transparent);
}

.research-nationals__placeholder code {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 0.35rem;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  color: var(--nd-gold);
  word-break: break-all;
}

.research-nationals__caption {
  max-width: var(--content-max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 1rem 1.5rem 1.25rem;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.35rem;
}

.research-nationals__caption-kicker {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--nd-gold);
}

.research-nationals__caption-body {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.2vw, 1.28rem);
  line-height: 1.35;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 90%, transparent);
}

/* Inverted paradigm callout */
.research-paradigm {
  margin: 0 0 2.25rem;
  padding: 1.35rem 1.25rem 1.4rem;
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 96%, #fff), color-mix(in srgb, #143865 92%, var(--nd-gold)));
  color: #fff;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 45%, transparent);
}

.research-paradigm__kicker {
  margin: 0 0 0.4rem;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--nd-gold);
}

.research-paradigm__title {
  margin: 0 0 0.65rem;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 3vw, 1.85rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: #fff;
}

.research-paradigm__lead {
  margin: 0 0 1.1rem;
  max-width: 40rem;
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 82%, transparent);
}

.research-paradigm .research-compare {
  margin-bottom: 0.95rem;
}

.research-paradigm .research-compare__col {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 8%, transparent);
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 18%, transparent);
  color: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 92%, transparent);
}

.research-paradigm .research-compare__col--before {
  border-top-color: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 40%, transparent);
}

.research-paradigm .research-compare__col--after {
  border-top-color: var(--nd-gold);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 14%, transparent);
}

.research-paradigm .research-compare__col h3 {
  color: #fff;
}

.research-paradigm__note {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 72%, transparent);
  max-width: 40rem;
}

/* Before / after */
.research-compare {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  margin: 0 0 1.75rem;
}

.research-compare__col {
  padding: 1.1rem 1.15rem 1.2rem;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 12%, transparent);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 94%, var(--nd-sky));
}

.research-compare__col--before {
  border-top: 3px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 35%, transparent);
}

.research-compare__col--after {
  border-top: 3px solid var(--nd-gold);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 8%, #fff);
}

.research-compare__col h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  margin: 0 0 0.65rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.research-compare__col ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0 0 0 1.1rem;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.45rem;
}

.research-compare__col li {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.research-compare__col code {
  font-size: 0.9em;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-sky) 70%, #fff);
  padding: 0.05em 0.3em;
}

@media (min-width: 760px) {
  .research-compare {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 1rem;
  }
}

.research-beyond {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0 0 1.75rem;
  padding: 0;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.85rem;
}

.research-beyond__item {
  padding: 1rem 1.1rem;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 90%, var(--nd-sky));
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 10%, transparent);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--nd-gold);
}

.research-beyond__item h4 {
  margin: 0 0 0.35rem;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
}

.research-beyond__item p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 88%, transparent);
}

.research-beyond__item a {
  color: var(--nd-bright-blue);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.research-beyond__item a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 0.12em;
}

/* Pipeline */
.research-pipeline {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0 0 1.75rem;
  padding: 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 0.75rem;
}

.research-pipeline li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 2.4rem 1fr;
  gap: 0.15rem 0.85rem;
  padding: 0.95rem 1rem;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 92%, var(--nd-sky));
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 10%, transparent);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--nd-gold);
}

.research-pipeline__num {
  grid-row: 1 / span 2;
  align-self: start;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--nd-gold-muted);
  line-height: 1;
  padding-top: 0.1rem;
}

.research-pipeline h3 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.research-pipeline p {
  margin: 0;
  grid-column: 2;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  opacity: 0.88;
}

.research-pipeline code {
  font-size: 0.9em;
}

@media (min-width: 860px) {
  .research-pipeline {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    gap: 0.65rem;
  }

  .research-pipeline li {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 0.4rem;
    min-height: 100%;
  }

  .research-pipeline__num,
  .research-pipeline h3,
  .research-pipeline p {
    grid-column: auto;
    grid-row: auto;
  }
}

.research-who {
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
  padding: 1.15rem 1.2rem;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 12%, transparent);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--nd-blue);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 90%, var(--nd-sky));
}

.research-who h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  margin: 0 0 0.65rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.research-who ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.55rem;
}

.research-who li {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.research-who strong {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
}

.research-explore {
  margin: 1.35rem 0 0;
  padding: 1.1rem 1.2rem;
  background: var(--nd-blue);
  color: #fff;
}

.research-explore__title {
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--nd-gold);
}

.research-explore__list {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.45rem;
}

.research-explore__list a {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.38rem 0.65rem;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, #fff 22%, transparent);
  color: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 90%, transparent);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 600;
  transition: color 0.15s var(--ease-out), border-color 0.15s var(--ease-out), background 0.15s var(--ease-out);
}

.research-explore__list a:hover {
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  background: var(--nd-gold);
  border-color: var(--nd-gold);
}

.research-top-btn {
  position: fixed;
  right: 1rem;
  bottom: 1rem;
  z-index: 1050;
  padding: 0.55rem 0.85rem;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 55%, transparent);
  background: var(--nd-blue);
  color: var(--nd-gold);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  cursor: pointer;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(6, 21, 37, 0.28);
}

.research-top-btn:hover {
  background: var(--nd-gold);
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  border-color: var(--nd-gold);
}

.research-top-btn[hidden] {
  display: none !important;
}

/* Finding + chart pairs */
.research-finding-pair {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 1rem;
  margin: 0 0 1.75rem;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.research-finding-pair__copy {
  padding: 0.25rem 0 0;
}

.research-finding-pair__tag {
  margin: 0 0 0.4rem;
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--nd-dark-gold);
}

.research-finding-pair__copy h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  margin: 0 0 0.55rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.research-finding-pair__copy p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  opacity: 0.9;
  max-width: 34rem;
}

@media (min-width: 860px) {
  .research-finding-pair {
    grid-template-columns: 0.95fr 1.05fr;
    gap: 1.35rem;
    align-items: center;
  }

  .research-finding-pair--flip .research-finding-pair__copy {
    order: 2;
  }

  .research-finding-pair--flip .research-chart {
    order: 1;
  }
}

/* -- Body -- */
.research-page__body {
  max-width: var(--content-max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 1.5rem 4.5rem;
}

.research-section-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 3vw, 1.85rem);
  margin: 2.75rem 0 0.85rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 45%, transparent);
  padding-bottom: 0.45rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--research-chrome-h, 7.75rem) + 0.5rem);
}

.research-section-lead {
  margin: 0 0 1.35rem;
  max-width: 38rem;
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  opacity: 0.88;
}

/* Club origin / impact */
.research-subhead {
  margin: 1.75rem 0 0.85rem;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
}

.research-timeline {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0 0 1.75rem;
  padding: 0;
  border-left: 2px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 55%, transparent);
}

.research-timeline__item {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 6.5rem 1fr;
  gap: 0.85rem 1.1rem;
  padding: 0 0 1.25rem 1.15rem;
}

.research-timeline__item:last-child {
  padding-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.research-timeline__item::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: -0.4rem;
  top: 0.45rem;
  width: 0.65rem;
  height: 0.65rem;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--nd-gold);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-sky) 80%, #fff);
}

.research-timeline__when {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--nd-dark-gold);
  padding-top: 0.2rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.research-timeline__item h4 {
  margin: 0 0 0.3rem;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.12rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
}

.research-timeline__item p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.96rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  opacity: 0.9;
  max-width: 40rem;
}

.research-timeline__item a {
  color: var(--nd-bright-blue);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 55%, transparent);
}

.research-timeline__item a:hover {
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  border-bottom-color: var(--nd-gold);
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .research-timeline__item {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 0.25rem;
  }
}

.research-press {
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
  padding: 1.25rem 1.2rem 1.3rem;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 90%, var(--nd-sky));
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 12%, transparent);
  border-top: 3px solid var(--nd-gold);
}

.research-press__kicker {
  margin: 0 0 0.55rem;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--nd-dark-gold);
}

.research-press__quote {
  margin: 0 0 0.85rem;
}

.research-press__quote p {
  margin: 0 0 0.7rem;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 2.2vw, 1.35rem);
  line-height: 1.4;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
}

.research-press__quote footer {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  opacity: 0.85;
}

.research-press__quote cite {
  font-style: normal;
}

.research-press__quote a {
  color: var(--nd-bright-blue);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 55%, transparent);
}

.research-press__quote a:hover {
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  border-bottom-color: var(--nd-gold);
}

.research-press__link {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--nd-bright-blue);
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 55%, transparent);
}

.research-press__link:hover {
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  border-bottom-color: var(--nd-gold);
}

.research-impact {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
  padding: 0;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 12%, transparent);
}

.research-impact__item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 3.25rem 1fr;
  gap: 0.85rem 1.1rem;
  padding: 1.05rem 0 1.15rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 10%, transparent);
  align-items: start;
}

.research-impact__num {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--nd-dark-gold);
  padding-top: 0.3rem;
}

.research-impact__item h3 {
  margin: 0 0 0.35rem;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
}

.research-impact__item p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  opacity: 0.9;
  max-width: 40rem;
}

.research-impact__item a {
  color: var(--nd-bright-blue);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 55%, transparent);
}

.research-impact__item a:hover {
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  border-bottom-color: var(--nd-gold);
}

.research-club-cta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem 1.25rem;
  padding: 1.15rem 1.2rem;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-sky) 55%, #fff);
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 12%, transparent);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--nd-gold);
}

.research-club-cta p {
  margin: 0;
  flex: 1 1 16rem;
  max-width: 36rem;
  font-size: 0.96rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  opacity: 0.9;
}

.research-club-cta a:not(.research-cta) {
  color: var(--nd-bright-blue);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 55%, transparent);
}

.research-club-cta a:not(.research-cta):hover {
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  border-bottom-color: var(--nd-gold);
}

.research-prose {
  max-width: 38rem;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  margin: 0 0 1.15rem;
}

.research-prose a {
  color: var(--nd-bright-blue);
}

/* Story steps - editorial, not card grid */
.research-steps {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 12%, transparent);
}

.research-step {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 3.25rem 1fr;
  gap: 0.85rem 1.1rem;
  padding: 1.25rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 12%, transparent);
}

.research-step__num {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--nd-gold-muted);
  line-height: 1.2;
  padding-top: 0.1rem;
}

.research-step h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  margin: 0 0 0.35rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
}

.research-step p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  opacity: 0.9;
}

/* Scale band - after first story section */
.research-scale {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: 1rem 1.25rem;
  margin: 2.25rem 0 0.65rem;
  padding: 1.35rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 40%, transparent);
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 40%, transparent);
}

.research-scale__item {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.2rem;
  min-width: 0;
}

.research-scale__value {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.65rem, 4vw, 2.1rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  line-height: 1.1;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

.research-scale__label {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
  opacity: 0.75;
}

.research-scale__note {
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  opacity: 0.72;
  max-width: 40rem;
}

.research-scale__note--spaced {
  margin-top: 0.75rem;
}

.research-reach-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  margin: 1.5rem 0 0.5rem;
  align-items: start;
}

.research-reach-copy h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  margin: 0 0 0.55rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
}

.research-reach-copy p {
  margin: 0 0 0.85rem;
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  max-width: 38rem;
}

.research-reach-copy p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.research-chart__canvas--tall {
  height: 18.5rem;
}

.research-chart__canvas--short {
  height: 12rem;
}

.research-section-lead--tight {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.research-dash {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  margin: 0 0 2rem;
}

.research-dash__stats {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.75rem;
}

.research-dash__item {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 88%, var(--nd-sky));
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 10%, transparent);
  padding: 0.9rem 1rem;
}

.research-dash__item--split {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 0.75rem;
}

.research-dash__split {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.15rem;
}

.research-dash__value {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2.5vw, 1.85rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  line-height: 1.1;
}

.research-dash__label {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 62%, transparent);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.research-reach-grid--charts {
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
}

.research-geo {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  margin: 1.5rem 0 0;
  padding: 1.15rem 1.1rem 1.25rem;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 92%, var(--nd-sky));
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 10%, transparent);
}

.research-geo__lead {
  margin: 0 0 0.85rem;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  opacity: 0.88;
  max-width: 36rem;
}

.research-geo .research-subhead {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.research-us-map-wrap {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 40rem;
}

.research-us-map-host svg {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
}

.research-us-map-host .nrcd-us-state {
  fill: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-sky) 70%, #c5d0e0);
  stroke: #fff;
  stroke-width: 1;
  cursor: default;
  transition: fill 0.15s var(--ease-out), stroke 0.15s var(--ease-out), stroke-width 0.15s var(--ease-out);
}

.research-us-map-host .nrcd-us-state.has-data {
  cursor: pointer;
}

.research-us-map-host .nrcd-us-state.has-data:hover,
.research-us-map-host .nrcd-us-state.is-active {
  stroke: var(--nd-blue);
  stroke-width: 1.6;
}

.research-us-map-tip {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 5;
  pointer-events: none;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 94%, #000);
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.55rem;
  border-radius: 0.25rem;
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 55%, transparent);
}

.research-us-map-tip[hidden] {
  display: none !important;
}

.research-us-map-legend {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin-top: 0.65rem;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 65%, transparent);
}

.research-us-map-legend__swatch {
  width: 6.5rem;
  height: 0.55rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #e1e8f2, var(--nd-gold));
}

.research-state-toolbar {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
}

.research-state-filter input {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 16rem;
  padding: 0.45rem 0.65rem;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 18%, transparent);
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.research-state-filter input:focus {
  outline: 2px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 70%, transparent);
  outline-offset: 1px;
}

.research-state-toolbar__hint {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 62%, transparent);
}

.research-state-table-wrap {
  margin: 0;
  overflow: auto;
  max-height: 22rem;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 10%, transparent);
}

.research-state-table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.research-state-table caption {
  caption-side: top;
  text-align: left;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  padding: 0.55rem 0.65rem 0.45rem;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 96%, var(--nd-sky));
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 3;
}

.research-state-table th,
.research-state-table td {
  padding: 0.45rem 0.55rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 12%, transparent);
  text-align: left;
}

.research-state-table thead th {
  position: sticky;
  top: 2.15rem;
  z-index: 2;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-sky) 55%, #fff);
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 65%, transparent);
  box-shadow: 0 1px 0 color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 12%, transparent);
}

.research-sort-btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  color: inherit;
  font: inherit;
  letter-spacing: inherit;
  text-transform: inherit;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.research-sort-btn:hover,
.research-sort-btn.is-active {
  color: var(--nd-blue);
}

.research-sort-btn__mark {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  min-width: 0.7rem;
}

.research-state-table tbody th {
  font-weight: 600;
}

.research-state-table tbody tr.is-map-active {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 14%, #fff);
}

.research-state-table tbody tr.is-filtered-out {
  display: none;
}

.research-state-abbr {
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 0.78em;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 55%, transparent);
}

.research-state-table a {
  color: var(--nd-bright-blue);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.research-state-table a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 0.12em;
}

.research-state-table td {
  text-align: right;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.research-state-table thead th:not(:first-child) {
  text-align: right;
}

.research-state-table thead th:not(:first-child) .research-sort-btn {
  width: 100%;
  justify-content: flex-end;
}

@media (min-width: 900px) {
  .research-geo {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.15fr) minmax(0, 0.85fr);
    gap: 1.35rem;
    align-items: start;
  }
}

.visually-hidden {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

@media (min-width: 860px) {
  .research-dash {
    grid-template-columns: 1.15fr 0.85fr;
    align-items: stretch;
  }

  .research-reach-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1.05fr 0.95fr;
    gap: 1.5rem;
  }
}

.research-steps code {
  font-size: 0.9em;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-sky) 70%, #fff);
  padding: 0.05em 0.3em;
}

.research-findings {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0 0 1.75rem;
  padding: 0;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 12%, transparent);
}

.research-findings li {
  padding: 0.95rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 12%, transparent);
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.research-findings strong {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
}

.research-charts {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
}

.research-chart {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 1rem 1.05rem 1.1rem;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 94%, var(--nd-sky));
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 10%, transparent);
  border-top: 3px solid var(--nd-gold);
}

.research-chart figcaption {
  margin: 0 0 0.85rem;
}

.research-chart h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  margin: 0 0 0.25rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
}

.research-chart figcaption p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
  opacity: 0.78;
}

.research-chart__canvas {
  position: relative;
  height: 16.5rem;
  width: 100%;
}

@media (min-width: 720px) {
  .research-charts {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  }
}

.research-scale--live {
  margin-top: 0.35rem;
}

@media (min-width: 640px) {
  .research-scale {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  }

  .research-scale--live {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  }
}

@media (min-width: 900px) {
  .research-scale--live {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr);
  }
}

.research-prose--contact {
  margin-top: 1.25rem;
  opacity: 0.85;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.research-prose--tight {
  margin-bottom: 1.15rem;
  max-width: 42rem;
}

/* Papers */
.research-list {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: grid;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.research-card {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 92%, var(--nd-sky));
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 10%, transparent);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--nd-gold);
  padding: 1.15rem 1.2rem 1.2rem;
  transition: border-color 0.2s var(--ease-out), box-shadow 0.25s var(--ease-out);
}

.research-card--feature:hover {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 55%, transparent);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 28px color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 8%, transparent);
}

.research-card__top {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.35rem 0.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
}

.research-card__badge {
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--nd-dark-gold);
}

.research-card__venue {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  opacity: 0.7;
}

.research-card h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.22rem;
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
  line-height: 1.28;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
}

.research-card__authors {
  margin: 0 0 0.65rem;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
  opacity: 0.8;
}

.research-card__meta {
  margin: 0 0 0.9rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  opacity: 0.88;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.research-card__links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.45rem;
}

.research-card__links a {
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 55%, transparent);
  padding: 0.35rem 0.6rem;
  background: #fff;
  transition: background 0.2s var(--ease-out), border-color 0.2s var(--ease-out), color 0.2s var(--ease-out);
}

.research-card__links a:hover {
  border-color: var(--nd-gold);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 22%, #fff);
}

.research-card__links a.is-primary {
  background: var(--nd-blue);
  border-color: var(--nd-blue);
  color: #fff;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.research-card__links a.is-primary:hover {
  background: var(--nd-bright-blue);
  border-color: var(--nd-bright-blue);
  color: #fff;
}

/* Resources - lighter than paper cards */
.research-resources {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 12%, transparent);
}

.research-resources li {
  padding: 1.1rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 12%, transparent);
}

.research-resources h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  margin: 0 0 0.3rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.research-resources p {
  margin: 0 0 0.45rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  opacity: 0.88;
}

.research-resources a {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--nd-bright-blue);
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 55%, transparent);
}

.research-resources a:hover {
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  border-bottom-color: var(--nd-gold);
}

/* Team */
.team-grid {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
  padding: 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(min(15.5rem, 100%), 1fr));
  gap: 0.75rem;
}

.team-card {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 88%, var(--nd-sky));
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 10%, transparent);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--nd-gold);
  padding: 0.9rem 1rem;
  min-width: 0;
  transition: border-color 0.2s var(--ease-out);
}

.team-card:hover {
  border-left-color: var(--nd-bright-gold);
}

.team-card__name {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  margin: 0 0 0.3rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.team-card__name a {
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.team-card__name a:hover {
  color: var(--nd-bright-blue);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.team-card__role {
  margin: 0 0 0.25rem;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: var(--nd-dark-gold);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.team-card__blurb {
  margin: 0 0 0.35rem;
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
  opacity: 0.9;
}

.team-card__aff {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
  opacity: 0.85;
}

.team-card__links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.35rem 0.65rem;
  margin-top: 0.55rem;
}

.team-card__links a {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 55%, transparent);
}

.team-card__links a:hover {
  color: var(--nd-bright-blue);
  border-bottom-color: var(--nd-gold);
}

.research-join {
  margin-top: 1.35rem;
  padding: 1.25rem 1.2rem 1.35rem;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 10%, #fff);
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 45%, transparent);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--nd-gold);
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  justify-items: start;
}

.research-join__title {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
}

.research-join__body {
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 36rem;
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  opacity: 0.9;
}

.research-section-lead a {
  color: var(--nd-bright-blue);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 55%, transparent);
}

.research-section-lead a:hover {
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  border-bottom-color: var(--nd-gold);
}

.research-next-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  margin: 0 0 1.35rem;
}

.research-next-panel {
  padding: 1.15rem 1.2rem 1.25rem;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 92%, var(--nd-sky));
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 12%, transparent);
  border-top: 3px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 35%, transparent);
}

.research-next-panel--accent {
  border-top-color: var(--nd-gold);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 8%, #fff);
}

.research-next-panel h3 {
  margin: 0 0 0.7rem;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
}

.research-next-panel ul,
.research-next-steps {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0 0 0 1.15rem;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.55rem;
}

.research-next-panel li {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.research-next-panel a {
  color: var(--nd-bright-blue);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 55%, transparent);
}

.research-next-panel a:hover {
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  border-bottom-color: var(--nd-gold);
}

@media (min-width: 820px) {
  .research-next-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 1rem;
  }
}

.research-close__ctas {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.55rem;
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
}

/* Club uploads / admin approval callout */
.research-moderation {
  margin: 0 0 1.35rem;
  padding: 1.15rem 1.2rem 1.25rem;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 92%, var(--nd-sky));
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 12%, transparent);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--nd-bright-blue);
}

.research-moderation h3 {
  margin: 0 0 0.55rem;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
}

.research-moderation p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  opacity: 0.9;
  max-width: 40rem;
}

/* Evidence · teammates / community */
.research-community {
  margin: 0.5rem 0 0;
  padding: 1.25rem 1.2rem 1.35rem;
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 96%, #fff), color-mix(in srgb, #143865 92%, var(--nd-gold)));
  color: #fff;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 45%, transparent);
}

.research-community__kicker {
  margin: 0 0 0.35rem;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--nd-gold);
}

.research-community h3 {
  margin: 0 0 0.65rem;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2.8vw, 1.7rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #fff;
}

.research-community p {
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
  max-width: 40rem;
  font-size: 0.96rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 86%, transparent);
}

.research-community p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Culture */
.research-culture-stats {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0 0 1.25rem;
  padding: 0;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.75rem;
}

.research-culture-stats li {
  padding: 1.05rem 1.15rem 1.15rem;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 92%, var(--nd-sky));
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 10%, transparent);
  border-top: 3px solid var(--nd-gold);
}

.research-culture-stats__value {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 3vw, 1.9rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  line-height: 1.15;
  margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
}

.research-culture-stats__label {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--nd-gold-muted);
  margin-bottom: 0.55rem;
}

.research-culture-stats p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  opacity: 0.9;
}

@media (min-width: 820px) {
  .research-culture-stats {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 0.85rem;
  }
}

.research-culture-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  margin: 0 0 1.25rem;
}

.research-culture-panel {
  padding: 1.15rem 1.2rem 1.25rem;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 92%, var(--nd-sky));
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 12%, transparent);
  border-top: 3px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 35%, transparent);
}

.research-culture-panel--accent {
  border-top-color: var(--nd-gold);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 8%, #fff);
}

.research-culture-panel h3 {
  margin: 0 0 0.55rem;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
}

.research-culture-panel p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  opacity: 0.9;
}

@media (min-width: 820px) {
  .research-culture-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  }
}

.research-culture-spread {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 1.2rem 1.2rem 1.3rem;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 10%, #fff);
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 45%, transparent);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--nd-gold);
}

.research-culture-spread h3 {
  margin: 0 0 0.55rem;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
}

.research-culture-spread p {
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 42rem;
  font-size: 0.96rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  opacity: 0.9;
}

/* Empower club leaders & future research */
.research-empower-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  margin: 0 0 1.25rem;
}

.research-empower-panel {
  padding: 1.2rem 1.2rem 1.3rem;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 92%, var(--nd-sky));
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 12%, transparent);
  border-top: 3px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 40%, transparent);
}

.research-empower-panel--accent {
  border-top-color: var(--nd-gold);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 8%, #fff);
}

.research-empower-panel__kicker {
  margin: 0 0 0.35rem;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--nd-gold-muted);
}

.research-empower-panel h3 {
  margin: 0 0 0.55rem;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
}

.research-empower-panel p {
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  opacity: 0.9;
}

.research-empower-panel ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0 0 0 1.1rem;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.4rem;
}

.research-empower-panel li {
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.research-empower-panel a {
  color: var(--nd-bright-blue);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 55%, transparent);
}

.research-empower-panel a:hover {
  color: var(--nd-blue);
  border-bottom-color: var(--nd-gold);
}

.research-empower-panel code {
  font-size: 0.9em;
}

@media (min-width: 820px) {
  .research-empower-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  }
}

.research-empower-callout {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 1.25rem 1.2rem 1.35rem;
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 96%, #fff), color-mix(in srgb, #143865 92%, var(--nd-gold)));
  color: #fff;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 45%, transparent);
}

.research-empower-callout h3 {
  margin: 0 0 0.55rem;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 2.6vw, 1.65rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #fff;
}

.research-empower-callout p {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  max-width: 42rem;
  font-size: 0.96rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 86%, transparent);
}

.research-empower-callout .research-cta--outline {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 45%, transparent);
  color: #fff;
}

.research-empower-callout .research-cta--outline:hover {
  border-color: var(--nd-gold);
  color: var(--nd-gold);
}

/* Force for good */
.research-force-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  margin: 0 0 1.25rem;
}

.research-force-panel {
  padding: 1.15rem 1.2rem 1.25rem;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 92%, var(--nd-sky));
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 12%, transparent);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--nd-blue);
}

.research-force-panel h3 {
  margin: 0 0 0.55rem;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
}

.research-force-panel p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  opacity: 0.9;
}

.research-force-panel code {
  font-size: 0.9em;
}

@media (min-width: 820px) {
  .research-force-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  }
}

.research-force-llc {
  margin: 0 0 1.35rem;
  padding: 1.3rem 1.25rem 1.4rem;
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 96%, #fff), color-mix(in srgb, #143865 92%, var(--nd-gold)));
  color: #fff;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-gold) 45%, transparent);
}

.research-force-llc__kicker {
  margin: 0 0 0.35rem;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--nd-gold);
}

.research-force-llc h3 {
  margin: 0 0 0.65rem;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2.8vw, 1.75rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #fff;
}

.research-force-llc p:not(.research-force-llc__kicker) {
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 42rem;
  font-size: 0.96rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 86%, transparent);
}

.research-sdgs {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  padding: 0;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.75rem;
}

.research-sdg a {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 3.5rem 1fr;
  gap: 0.9rem;
  align-items: start;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  padding: 1rem 1.05rem;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 94%, var(--nd-sky));
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--nd-blue) 10%, transparent);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--sdg-color, var(--nd-gold));
  transition: border-color 0.2s var(--ease-out), transform 0.2s var(--ease-out);
}

.research-sdg a:hover {
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--sdg-color, var(--nd-gold)) 55%, transparent);
}

.research-sdg--3 {
  --sdg-color: #4c9f38;
}

.research-sdg--5 {
  --sdg-color: #ff3a21;
}

.research-sdg__num {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 3.5rem;
  height: 3.5rem;
  background: var(--sdg-color, var(--nd-gold));
  color: #fff;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.65rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1;
}

.research-sdg__body {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.3rem;
  min-width: 0;
}

.research-sdg__name {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--nd-blue);
}

.research-sdg__blurb {
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  opacity: 0.88;
}

.research-scale__note a {
  color: var(--nd-bright-blue);
}

/* -- Motion (opacity only — translateY fights scroll anchoring and pulls the page up) -- */
.reveal {
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 0.55s var(--ease-out);
  overflow-anchor: none;
}

.reveal.is-visible {
  opacity: 1;
}

.reveal--delay-1 { transition-delay: 0.08s; }
.reveal--delay-2 { transition-delay: 0.16s; }
.reveal--delay-3 { transition-delay: 0.24s; }
.reveal--delay-4 { transition-delay: 0.32s; }

@keyframes research-glow {
  from { opacity: 0.55; transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0) scale(1); }
  to { opacity: 1; transform: translate3d(-4%, -3%, 0) scale(1.08); }
}

/* -- ND footer -- */
.nd-footer {
  background: var(--nd-blue);
  color: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 85%, transparent);
  padding: 3rem 1.5rem 2.5rem;
}

.nd-footer__inner {
  max-width: var(--content-max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: grid;
  gap: 1.25rem;
}

.nd-footer__brands {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.5rem 2.25rem;
}

.nd-footer__mark {
  height: 2.1rem;
  width: auto;
  max-width: min(14rem, 100%);
  object-fit: contain;
  opacity: 0.95;
}

.nd-footer__recsports {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  line-height: 1;
  text-decoration: none;
  opacity: 0.95;
  transition: opacity 0.15s var(--ease-out);
}

.nd-footer__recsports:hover {
  opacity: 1;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.nd-footer__recsports-mark {
  height: 2rem;
  width: auto;
  max-width: min(12rem, 100%);
  object-fit: contain;
  display: block;
}

.nd-footer__lucy {
  height: 2.5rem;
  width: auto;
  max-width: min(12rem, 100%);
  object-fit: contain;
  filter: brightness(0) invert(1);
  opacity: 0.92;
}

.nd-footer a {
  color: var(--nd-gold);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.nd-footer a:hover {
  color: var(--nd-bright-gold);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.nd-footer__meta {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  max-width: 40rem;
  opacity: 0.85;
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .reveal,
  .reveal.is-visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transition: none;
  }

  .research-hero__glow,
  .research-cta,
  .research-top__page,
  .research-explore__list a,
  .research-top-btn,
  .nd-header__phase {
    animation: none !important;
    transition: none !important;
  }
}